Welcom Page (Introduction)

Vertical Axis

1. Origines (From 40 000 years ago to 1534 )

1.1 Ice age

1.1.1 In time immemorial
1.1.2 The huge glaciers
1.1.3 Retreat of the polar ice-cap

1.2 The first people

1.2.1 Nomadic hunters
1.2.2 Archaeology

1.3 The Quebec nations

1.3.1 The Algonquin
          1.3.1.1 The Innu
1.3.2 The Iroquois
1.3.3 The Inuits

1.4 The territory of the Pekuakamiulnuatsh

1.4.1 The lakes and rivers
1.4.2 Family Clans
1.4.3 Traditional nomadism

2.1 Culture shock

2.2 Ecclesiastical missions

2.2.1 Colonisation

2.3 Commercial activities

2.3.1 Bartering
2.3.2 Fur
          2.3.2.1 The beaver, as currency
          2.3.2.2 Animals trapped
          2.3.3.3 Trapping techniques

2.4 Fur trading

2.5 Trading posts

2.5.1 Tadoussac
          2.5.1.1 Importance of the location
          2.5.1.2 Geographic location
2.5.2 Chicoutimi
          2.5.2.1 Importance of the location
          2.5.2.2 Geographic location
2.5.3 Métabetchouan
          2.5.3.1 Importance of the location
          2.5.3.2 Geographic location
2.5.4 Ashuapmushuan
          2.5.4.1 Importance of the location
          2.5.4.2 Geographic location
2.5.5. The posts at Pointe-Bleue

3.1 The creation of the Ministry of Indian Affairs

3.1.1 The creation of the reserves
          3.1.1.1 Mashteuiatsh (Pointe-bleue)

3.2 Cultural heritage of the Pekuakamiulnuatsh

3.2.1 The language
          3.2.1.1 The proto-Algonquin
          3.2.1.2 The nehlueun
          3.2.1.3 Neologism
          3.2.1.4 Comparison with other languages and dialects
3.2.2 Life style
          3.2.2.1 The practice of nomadism
          3.2.2.2 Life under a tent
          3.2.2.3 The migration
3.2.3 Habits and customs
3.2.4 Inventions and technology
          3.2.4.1 The snowshoe
          3.2.4.2 The canoe
          3.2.4.3 The toboggan
          3.2.4.4 The crooked knife

3.3 The forestry industry

3.3.1 Wood cutting
          3.3.1.1 Government policies
          3.3.1.2 Co-habitation in the territory
          3.3.1.3 The Pekuakamiulnuatsh and industry
3.3.2 A territory denuded
3.3.3 Adaptation of the traditional life
          3.3.3.1 Access to the territory

3.4 Harnessing the rivers

3.4.1 Hydro-electricity
          3.4.1.1 In the service of industry
          3.4.1.2 Hydro-Quebec
          3.4.1.3 Hydro-Ilnu

4.1 Taking charge

4.1.1 Autonomy and negotiation
4.1.2 Mashteuiatsh and territory
          4.1.2.1 Traditional / Modern life
          4.1.2.2 Transportation today

4.2 Members of the Nation

4.2.1 Who are the Pekuakamiulnuatsh ?
          4.2.1.1 Resident and non-resident members
          4.2.1.2 The elders and the youth

4.3 Cultural and traditional impressions

4.3.1 A living culture
          4.3.1.1 Amerindian History and Archaeology Society
4.3.2 An oral tradition to be perpetuated
4.3.3 Frequenting the territory

4.4 Economic development

4.4.1 Development of enterprises
          4.4.1.1 The Ilnu Economic Development Society
          4.4.1.2 Piekuakami Ilnuatsh Development
4.4.2 Tourism
4.4.3 The forest milieu
4.4.4 Employment perspectives
4.4.5 An opening on the world

4.5 The future

4.5.1 The Pekuakamiulnuatsh of tomorrow, seen by the youth

5.1 The Ashuapmushuan river

5.1.1 Geographic location
5.1.2 Tributaries
5.1.3 Importance of the river for the Pekuakamiulnuatsh
          5.1.3.1 Activities and perspective
5.1.4 Access to the river

5.2 The  Péribonka River

5.2.1 Geographic location
5.2.2 Tributaries
5.2.3 Importance of the river for the Pekuakamiulnuatsh
          5.2.3.1 Activities and perspective
5.2.4 Access to the river

5.3 The  Mistassini and Mistassibi rivers

5.3.1 Geographic location
5.3.2 Tributaries
5.3.3 Importance of the rivers for the Pekuakamiulnuatsh
          5.3.3.1 Activities and perspective
5.3.4 Access to the rivers

5.4 The Métabetchouan River

5.4.1 Geographic location
5.4.2 Tributaries
5.4.3 Importance of the river for the Pekuakamiulnuatsh
          5.4.1.1 Activities and perspective
5.4.4 Access to the river

6.1 Mr. and Mrs. Thommy Charlish – Ashuapmushuan area (recorded in 1988 by Mr. Jean-Marie Basile)

6.2 Mr. Jimmy Bossum - History of the 1935 years - Mistassini river area (recorded in 1981 by Mr. Alcide Blacksmith)

6.3 Mr. and Mrs. Henri Germain, (recorded in 1988 by Mr. Jean-Marie Basile)

6.4 Mr. Jean-Baptiste Dominique (recorded in 1978 by Mrs. Thérèse Verreault Raphaël)

6.4.1 How to make snowshoes
6.4.2 How to make round snowshoes

6.5 Mrs. Alice Verreault 1935 - Somewhere on the Mistassini River(recorded by Mrs. Juliette Kurtness and Mrs. Joanne Philippe in 1981)

6.6. Mrs. Alice Verreault 1960 - Somewhere on the Mistassini River (recorded by Mrs. Juliette Kurtness and Mrs. Joanne Philippe in 1981)

7.1 Myths and legends

7.1.1 Legend
          - The legend of Mishtamishk
          - The legend of Atshen
          - Tshikapesh and the fish
          - Wolverine and the skumk
          - Searching for birds in summer
          - Memeu
          - The snow-man
          - Kakuna the sad little girl
          - Witiko

7.2 Rituals and beliefs

7.3 Arts and crafts

7.3.1 Wood
          7.3.1.1 Tools used
          7.3.1.2 Species
7.3.2 Birch bark
          7.3.2.1 The harvest
          7.3.2.2 Manipulation / Handling
          7.3.2.3 Nibbling
7.3.3 Leather
          7.3.3.1 Ancient and contemporary tools
7.3.4 Natural talents
          7.3.4.1 Drawing
          7.3.4.2 Motifs
7.3.5 Arts in general
          7.3.5.1 Painting
          7.3.5.2 Sculpture
          7.3.5.3 Installations

1. Canot
2. Portage
3. Montage du campement
4. Sapinage
5. Feu
6. Canot en mouvement
7. Piégeage
8. Banique
9. Langue
10. Chasse
11. Pêche
12. Couteau croche
13. Fumage du poisson
14. Piégeage du castor
15. Fabrication de la pelle
16. Trace ours
17. Période glaciaire